What are the sampling techniques used in the cleaning validation?

There are two sampling techniques used for sampling in cleaning validation.

 1. Swab sampling: 

Areas which are reasonably accessible & hardest to clean can be evaluated, leading to the level of contamination or residue per given surface area. Swab helps to take samples of the sticky material or microbs from the surface.

2. Rinse sampling: 

Large areas or parts of equipment which could not be swabbed should be rinse sampled or directly extracted by the solvent. Tubes, nozzles, pipes or containers with surface those are not reasonably accessible for direct surface sampling have to be rinsed with solvent. In addition, inaccessible areas of equipment that cannot be routinely disassembled can be evaluated.